![]() Mild TBIs comprise nearly 90% of these cases, or 3.6 million in the US and 36 million internationally. 1 Epidemiology including risk factors and primary preventionĪn estimated four million people sustain TBI annually in the US and 40 million internationally. Lastly, blast-related injuries are caused by transmission of force, via pressure waves accompanying blasts, to and through the brain. Acceleration and deceleration forces, which can occur with or without actual contact between the head and an object, result when the head moves rapidly quickly in one or more directions. Direct blows occur when the head forcibly hits an object or when an object hits the head. 1 Etiologyįorces causing mTBI can result from several mechanisms. Post-traumatic amnesia, the inability to reliably form new memories, also lasts up to 1 day. Alteration of mental status, including feeling dazed, confused, and disoriented, lasts for up to 24 hours. If loss of consciousness occurs, it lasts less than 30 minutes. In mild TBI (mTBI), imaging demonstrates normal brain structures. Severity is classified based on whether structural abnormalities are visible on imaging, duration of loss of consciousness, duration of altered mental status, duration of post-traumatic amnesia, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. The most widely accepted taxonomy classifies brain injuries by severity. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results when an external force is applied to the head, leading to injury to brain structures and/or disruption of chemical and physiologic brain functions.
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